Ingredient dictionary

AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Antioxidant known to help visibly fade discolourations and soothe skin. It also helps skin naturally produce its own hyaluronic acid content.

Also known as AHA, it exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Synthetic form of glycolic acid used as a pH adjuster and exfoliant.

Antioxidant that helps enhance and even out overall skin tone. Works by interrupting triggers of discolourations. Can be of natural or synthetic origin.

Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, dullness brightener, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolourations.

Stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that brightens dull skin and fades discolourations.

Stable, oil-soluble form of vitamin C that works as an antioxidant and helps stabilise skin care formulas.

Azelaoyl bis-dipeptide-10 is a synthetic peptide built around naturally-derived azelaic acid that offers brightening and antioxidant benefits.

Backed by research for reducing discolourations, wrinkles, and other signs of aging. Contributes to improved elasticity and smoother skin.

Research shows bilberry (vaccinium myrtillis) to be effective as an antioxidant.

Kakadu plum extract is concentrated in antioxidants, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), translating to various anti-aging benefits.

Fungi extract produced via fermentation with proven skin-brightening and antioxidant benefits. Can also improve the bioactivity of other skin care ingredients.

Beneficial compounds commonly found in mushroom extracts can improve numerous concerns such as skin discoloration, dryness, wrinkles & compromised barrier.

A synthetic precursor to the retinoid adapalene, used to help smooth skin texture, soften lines, and reduce the look of pores + blemishes.

An umbrella term for vitamin A derivatives that work as antioxidants and promote anti-aging, firming, skin tone evening and pore-minimizing benefits.

A synthetic, potent antioxidant that’s structurally similar to vitamin E. It helps mitigate environmental damage, even skin tone and tackle many visible signs of aging.

Coffee seed extract with anti-aging & skin tone evening benefits

This fruit-derived ingredient can serve different purposes in cosmetics, including as an exfoliant (when formulated between pH 3-4) and as a pH adjuster.

An alpha hydroxy acid whose larger molecular size and slower rate of penetration make it the gentlest AHA. 

Alpha-arbutin is one of the effective options for targeting skin discolorations. It’s also a potent antioxidant.

Form of retinol that is a direct precursor to retinoic acid, with significant research backing its ability to visibly reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and other signs of aging. Can also be used to improve the appearance of blemish-prone skin.

Antioxidant that's considered the most optimal form of vitamin E.

A form of vitamin C that can help with dark spots and uneven tone.

Stable, effective form of vitamin C that visibly firms, brightens dullness and evens skin tone.

Highly stable, oil soluble derivative of vitamin C that helps protect skin from environmental aggressors and promotes a firm skin structure.

Member of the retinoid family that has multiple benefits for skin. Helps protect from environmental aggressors as well as reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Considered more gentle than retinoic acid.

Plant extract that’s a potent antioxidant and able to revive a radiant, even-toned look to dull, fatigued skin.

Non-fragrant plant extract (Latin name is Morus alba) whose various parts such as the leaf and root, have shown potential to brighten and improve the look of uneven skin tone.

Retinyl propionate is a vitamin A derivative that shares the same anti-aging benefits as classic retinol but with greater stability. 

Amino acid derivative that primarily serves as a hydrator and exhibits protective properties against pollution and UV rays (though ectoin is not a sunscreen).

A natural, potent antioxidant, restoring, and soothing agent for skin that is derived from soybeans.

Compounds derived from the soybean plant that offer numerous benefits, especially for estrogen-deficient skin. Noted for their ability to visibly improve elasticity, texture, density and hydration.

Antioxidant known for delivering significant skin-soothing properties. Derivative form of licorice root.

This acid acts as both an antioxidant and alpha hydroxy acid. It also helps stabilise the pH of other AHAs so they can work as exfoliants.

Highly stable form of vitamin C that protects skin from oxidative damage and collagen breakdown.

Skin/hair conditioning agent with additional anti-aging benefits thanks to its antioxidant and peptide content.

This ingredient, found naturally in licorice root, has potent antioxidant, soothing and dark spot-fighting properties.

This ingredient is a type of polyhydroxy acid, or PHA, which is chemically and functionally similar to an AHA.

One of four forms of vitamin E. It can be naturally or synthetically derived. Regardless of its origin, tocopherol has potent oil-soluble antioxidant properties and can help defend skin from pollution and environmental stressors.