Ingredient dictionary

Synthetic antioxidant often seen in skin-brightening products.

Due to its arbutin content, this extract can have some value in improving the look of discolourations.

A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works as an exfoliant. Due to its large molecule size, it's generally better tolerated by those with sensitive skin than glycolic acid.

This root extract’s antioxidant properties might be able to fight the causes of dark spots and discolorations.

This derivative of pure vitamin C has antioxidant properties and can fight visible signs of aging

This synthetic antioxidant has limited research showing its ability to fight discolorations and redness.

Also known as 9-octadecenedioic acid, this plant-derived ingredient plays a novel role in helping to interrupt excess melanin that triggers hyperpigmentation.

Extract from a flowering plant commonly known as western dock. Plays a supporting role in fading hyperpigmentation.

Saltwater plant whose oily extract offers impressive antioxidant ability and may help fade dark spots.

This “first milk” is a rich source of nutrients and helps protect skin from oxidative stress.

By-product of the fermentation process of malting rice for use in the manufacture of sake.

This yeast byproduct of sake fermentation has antioxidant, soothing, and discoloration-reducing properties.

This extract from the arjuna plant has antioxidant and skin conditioning benefits.

This extract from the “toothache plant” has antioxidant and skin conditioning properties.

This extract from a type of marigold has antioxidant and soothing properties for skin.

This extract from the common pear fruit has antioxidant and potential skin brightening properties.

This salicylic acid derivative helps improve the look of dark spots.

The extract from the leaves of the domestic peach has antioxidant and potential skin-brightening properties.

This extract from the white lily has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

This extract from the Illawarra plum tree is high in antioxidant-rich phenolic compounds.

This oil has hydrating properties and could help fight hyperpigmentation.

This ingredient derived from a type of yeast has shown effectiveness in improving the look of hyperpigmentation.

AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Antioxidant that helps enhance and even out overall skin tone. Works by interrupting triggers of discolourations. Can be of natural or synthetic origin.

A plant-based ingredient with antioxidant properties. Research also indicates it can help improve the look of skin discolourations.

Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, dullness brightener, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolourations.

Stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that brightens dull skin and fades discolourations.

Stable, oil-soluble form of vitamin C that works as an antioxidant and helps stabilise skin care formulas.

Soothing agent and gentle exfoliant that refines skin’s texture and reduces blemishes + their marks. Famous for calming reddened, sensitive skin.

A prescription azelaic acid medicine.

A ferment with skin conditioning and antioxidant properties that’s also a source of dark spot-fighting arbutin.

Extract derived from a tropical fruit (rambutan). Offers significant anti-aging benefits & helps protect against photo-aging (sun damage).

This extract from the licorice plant has antioxidant, soothing, and dark spot-fading properties.

Extract with soothing properties and anti-ageing benefits, including the ability to fade dark spots.

This type of phospholipid provides hydrating and potential dark spot fading benefits to skin.

Alpha-arbutin is one of the effective options for targeting skin discolorations. It’s also a potent antioxidant.

Extract from a plant whose many components have pronounced antioxidant and skin-calming ability.

Silymarin marianum is a plant whose many components have pronounced antioxidant and skin-calming ability.

Compounds in this seed oil can help inhibit destructive enzymes in skin’s uppermost layers that would otherwise damage collagen and elastin leading to visibly aged skin. May also help fade discoloration from sun exposure.