Ingredient dictionary

This potent antioxidant is a highly stable form of vitamin C that improves skin tone, helps fade discolorations, and visibly firms skin.

Antioxidant known to help visibly fade discolourations and soothe skin. It also helps skin naturally produce its own hyaluronic acid content.

AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Alpha-arbutin is one of the effective options for targeting skin discolorations. It’s also a potent antioxidant.

Also known as AHA, it exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Synthetic form of glycolic acid used as a pH adjuster and exfoliant.

A type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works as an exfoliant. Due to its large molecule size, it's generally better tolerated by those with sensitive skin than glycolic acid.

Contains some antioxidant and skin-soothing properties, particularly from the enzyme bromelain it contains.

Antioxidant that helps enhance and even out overall skin tone. Works by interrupting triggers of discolourations. Can be of natural or synthetic origin.

This fruit from the strawberry tree has antioxidant and dark spot-fighting properties.

Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, dullness brightener, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolourations.

Stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that brightens dull skin and fades discolourations.

Stable, oil-soluble form of vitamin C that works as an antioxidant and helps stabilise skin care formulas.

Highly stable, oil soluble derivative of vitamin C that helps protect skin from environmental aggressors and promotes a firm skin structure.

Fungi extract produced via fermentation with proven skin-brightening and antioxidant benefits. Can also improve the bioactivity of other skin care ingredients.

Azelaoyl bis-dipeptide-10 is a synthetic peptide built around naturally-derived azelaic acid that offers brightening and antioxidant benefits.

Backed by research for reducing discolourations, wrinkles, and other signs of aging. Contributes to improved elasticity and smoother skin.

A plant extract and antioxidant more commonly referred to as daisy extract that can protect skin from environmental aggressors and help even skin tone.

Research shows bilberry (vaccinium myrtillis) to be effective as an antioxidant.

Due to its arbutin content, this extract can have some value in improving the look of discolourations.

This extract from the Japanese chestnut has antioxidant and potential skin brightening properties.

“Next gen” tranexamic acid derivative used in skin care to address discolorations (i.e. dark spots, post-blemish marks, etc.).

This extract from the bark of the true cinnamon tree has antioxidant properties but also poses a risk for irritation.

Coffee fruit extract with strong anti-aging & skin-soothing benefits

Coffee seed extract with anti-aging & skin tone evening benefits

A plant extract, AKA adlay or Job’s tears, that contains antioxidant and brightening benefits.

Antioxidant that's considered the most optimal form of vitamin E.

A synthetic, potent antioxidant that’s structurally similar to vitamin E. It helps mitigate environmental damage, even skin tone and tackle many visible signs of aging.

This derivative of the bioflavonoid rutin has antioxidant properties for skin.

Amino acid derivative that primarily serves as a hydrator and exhibits protective properties against pollution and UV rays (though ectoin is not a sunscreen).

This extract from the bark of the African yellow wood tree has antioxidant and antifungal properties.

This ingredient, found naturally in licorice root, has potent antioxidant, soothing and dark spot-fighting properties.

This ingredient is a type of polyhydroxy acid, or PHA, which is chemically and functionally similar to an AHA.

A moisturising, stabilised form of vitamin C that provides skin-smoothing and anti-ageing benefits.

This well-known ingredient is the most-researched alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) and helps renew skin’s surface as well as significantly improve its hydration.

This lab-made peptide is engineered to help skin’s surface cells slough off at their normal rate. This benefit complements leave-on exfoliants and leads to a visibly smoother, less lined complexion. \

Skin/hair conditioning agent with additional anti-aging benefits thanks to its antioxidant and peptide content.

Member of the retinoid family that has multiple benefits for skin. Helps protect from environmental aggressors as well as reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Considered more gentle than retinoic acid.

By-product of the fermentation process of malting rice for use in the manufacture of sake.

This derivative of kojic acid has antioxidant and skin-brightening properties.

Source of isoflavone, genistein, and daidzein, all plant estrogens that provide anti-ageing and antioxidant benefits.

This alpha hydroxy acid can be naturally derived from milk or lab-made, and helps skin shed dead cells on the surface so you’ll see fewer wrinkles and discolourations.

The fermented filtrate of Oryza sativa (rice) also known as sake. Contains antioxidant benefits as well as soothing and skin-tone evening properties.

Multi-tasking ferment of Punica granatum fruit extract that assists with visible signs of aging, like fine lines and dark spots, and provides light exfoliation.

This polyhydroxy acid is a natural humectant and has antioxidant ability to complement its exfoliating benefit.

Extract for which there is a great deal of research showing it has many applications.

Form of vitamin C that is a potent antioxidant and skin-soothing agent.