Ingredient dictionary

AHA, also known as alpha hydroxy acid, exfoliates skin and improves signs of ageing, dry skin and an uneven skin tone.

Antioxidant that helps enhance and even out overall skin tone. Works by interrupting triggers of discolourations. Can be of natural or synthetic origin.

A plant-based ingredient with antioxidant properties. Research also indicates it can help improve the look of skin discolourations.

Pure vitamin C, the primary antioxidant in skin. Works as an antioxidant, dullness brightener, wrinkle-reducer, and helps fade discolourations.

Stable, water-soluble form of vitamin C that brightens dull skin and fades discolourations.

Stable, oil-soluble form of vitamin C that works as an antioxidant and helps stabilise skin care formulas.

Soothing agent and gentle exfoliant that refines skin’s texture and reduces blemishes + their marks. Famous for calming reddened, sensitive skin.

A prescription azelaic acid medicine.

A ferment with skin conditioning and antioxidant properties that’s also a source of dark spot-fighting arbutin.

Extract derived from a tropical fruit (rambutan). Offers significant anti-aging benefits & helps protect against photo-aging (sun damage).

This extract from the licorice plant has antioxidant, soothing, and dark spot-fading properties.

Extract with soothing properties and anti-ageing benefits, including the ability to fade dark spots.

This type of phospholipid provides hydrating and potential dark spot fading benefits to skin.

Alpha-arbutin is one of the effective options for targeting skin discolorations. It’s also a potent antioxidant.

Extract from a plant whose many components have pronounced antioxidant and skin-calming ability.

Silymarin marianum is a plant whose many components have pronounced antioxidant and skin-calming ability.

Compounds in this seed oil can help inhibit destructive enzymes in skin’s uppermost layers that would otherwise damage collagen and elastin leading to visibly aged skin. May also help fade discoloration from sun exposure.

A form of vitamin C that can help with dark spots and uneven tone.

Stable, effective form of vitamin C that visibly firms, brightens dullness and evens skin tone.

Highly stable, oil soluble derivative of vitamin C that helps protect skin from environmental aggressors and promotes a firm skin structure.

A component of licorice, this ingredient has soothing and dark spot fading properties when applied topically.

Non-fragrant plant extract (Latin name is Morus alba) whose various parts such as the leaf and root, have shown potential to brighten and improve the look of uneven skin tone.

A derivative of nicotinic acid, a component of vitamin B3 (niacin) that isn't the same ingredient as niacinamide.

A proven antioxidant that also helps to improve uneven skin tone, preserve skin’s firmness, and fade dark spots.

Retinyl propionate is a vitamin A derivative that shares the same anti-aging benefits as classic retinol but with greater stability. 

Potent, mushroom-derived antioxidant that boosts skin’s environmental defenses and ability to look younger in multiple ways.

Highly stable form of vitamin C that protects skin from oxidative damage and collagen breakdown.

Synthetic skin-calming peptide that interrupts pathways that lead to skin discolourations and uneven tone.

This ingredient, found naturally in licorice root, has potent antioxidant, soothing and dark spot-fighting properties.

Discoloration-fading ingredient that interrupts multiple pathways in skin that would otherwise lead to uneven tone. Excellent for dark spots and brown/gray patches.

A moisturising, stabilised form of vitamin C that provides skin-smoothing and anti-ageing benefits.

This type of phospholipid provides hydrating and potential dark spot fading benefits to skin.