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This tree resin has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, but also has the potential to irritate skin.
Substance derived from silica that can enhance a product's texture and act as a water-binding agent. Claims that it "suffocates" skin have not been proven true.
A type of clay used in cosmetics that enhances texture by imparting a smooth, silky feel.
Kaolin is a clay mineral known for its absorbent properties, particularly popular in facial masks aimed at reducing skin’s oil. Learn more at Paula’s Choice.
A synthetic precursor to the retinoid adapalene, used to help smooth skin texture, soften lines, and reduce the look of pores + blemishes.
An umbrella term for vitamin A derivatives that work as antioxidants and promote anti-aging, firming, skin tone evening and pore-minimizing benefits.
Retinyl propionate is a vitamin A derivative that shares the same anti-aging benefits as classic retinol but with greater stability.
Helps visibly minimise pore size, improve dull/uneven tone, and reduce wrinkle depth. Also known to fortify skin's barrier strength and boost hydration.
This anti-ageing, pore minimising ingredient is better known as niacinamide or vitamin B3.
This acid is one of two types of vitamin B3, the other being niacinamide.
Also known as retinol, this is one of the most recognised anti-ageing ingredients. This powerhouse has multiple benefits for skin and is offered in varying strengths to deliver visible results.
One of the most recognised anti-ageing ingredients, this powerhouse has multiple benefits for skin. With over seven decades of research proving its effectiveness, it’s used in several strengths and types of products to deliver visible results.
An ester of vitamin A (retinoic acid) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that functions as an antioxidant.
A synthetic, "new generation" retinol with research showing its usefulness for restoring and improving signs of ageing in skin.
This fatty acid component of royal jelly has soothing, antibacterial, and keratinization-normalizing properties.
Proven and supported by independent studies. Outstanding active ingredient for most skin types or concerns.
Necessary to improve a formula's texture, stability, or penetration.
Generally non-irritating but may have aesthetic, stability, or other issues that limit its usefulness.
There is a likelihood of irritation. Risk increases when combined with other problematic ingredients.
May cause irritation, inflammation, dryness, etc. May offer benefit in some capability but overall, proven to do more harm than good.
We couldn't find this in our ingredient dictionary. We log all missing ingredients and make continuous updates.
We have not yet rated this ingredient because we have not had a chance to review the research on it.